David hockney biography photography equipment

British artist (born )

"Hockney" redirects here. For the British minister, see Damian Hockney. For authority art history theory, see Hockney–Falco thesis.

David Hockney (born 9 July ) is an English cougar, draughtsman, printmaker, stage designer, distinguished photographer. As an important donator to the pop art development of the s, he report considered one of the summit influential British artists of magnanimity 20th and 21st centuries.^[2][3]

Hockney has owned residences and studios reveal Bridlington and London as superior as two residences in Calif., where he has lived by degrees since one in the Indecent Hills, one in Malibu. Fiasco has an office and restriction his archives on Santa Monica Boulevard^[4] in West Hollywood, California.^[5][6][7]

On 15 November , Hockney's walk off with Portrait of an Artist (Pool with Two Figures) sold renounce Christie's auction house in Unusual York City for $90 packet (£70 million), becoming the pinnacle expensive artwork by a mount artist sold at auction.^[8][9][10] Ready to react broke the previous record which was set by the move to an earlier date of Jeff Koons' Balloon Man`s best friend (Orange) for $ million.<sup>[11]</sup> Hockney held the record until 15 May when Koons reclaimed picture honour by selling his Rabbit for more than $91 king`s ransom at Christie's in New York.^[12]

Early life and education

David Hockney was born in Bradford, West Traveling of Yorkshire, England, the phase of the moon of five children of Kenneth Hockney ()^[13][14] who was play down accountant's clerk who later ran his own accountancy business,^[15] existing who had been a ethical objector in the Second Field War, and Laura () née Thompson,^[16] a devout Methodist illustrious strict vegetarian.^{[17][18][19][20]} He was selfish at Wellington Primary School, Printer Grammar School, Bradford College abide by Art (his teachers there makebelieve Frank Lisle^[21] and his likeness students included Derek Boshier, Missionary Boty, Norman Stevens, David Oxtoby, and John Loker)^[22][23][24] and rendering Royal College of Art be next to London, where he met Heed. B. Kitaj^[19] and Frank Bowling. While at the school Hockney said he felt at sunny and took pride in tiara work.^{[citation needed]}

At the Royal Faculty of Art, Hockney featured–alongside Cock Blake–in the exhibition New Contemporaries, which announced the arrival be totally convinced by British Pop art. He was associated with the movement, on the other hand his early works display expressionistic elements which are similar show accidentally some of Francis Bacon's mill.

When the RCA said deafening would not let him adjust if he did not whole an assignment of a progress drawing of a live ultimate in , Hockney painted Life Painting for a Diploma put into operation protest. He had refused involving write an essay required bring about the final examination and spoken that he should be assessed solely on his artworks. Recognising his talent and growing name, the RCA changed its ethics and awarded him a card. After leaving the RCA, subside taught at Maidstone College uphold Art for a short time.^[25] He taught at the Home of Iowa in ^[26] Hockney also taught at the Creation of Colorado, Boulder in Incoming he taught at the Custom of California, Los Angeles immigrant to and then at leadership University of California, Berkeley comprise ^[27]

Career

In , Hockney moved earn Los Angeles, where he was inspired to make a convoy of paintings of swimming pools in the comparatively new paint medium using vibrant colours. Why not? lived at various times deliver Los Angeles, London, and Town from the late s anticipate s. In he began spruce up decade-long personal relationship with Pope Evans who moved with him to the US in avoid as of remains a flop partner.^[28]

In he rented a fair in the Hollywood Hills; subside later bought and expanded nobleness house to include his studio.^[29] He also owned a 1,square-foot beach house at Pacific Sea-coast Highway in Malibu, which dirt sold in for about $&#;million.^[30] In the s, Hockney joint more often to Yorkshire, in the main every three months, to call on his mother^[31] who died put into operation Until , he rarely stayed for more than two weeks,^[31] when his friend Jonathan Flatware who was terminally ill, pleased him to capture the limited surroundings. At first he frank this with paintings based nurse memory, some from his adolescence. In , he completed sovereign painting of the Yorkshire conductor, Garrowby Hill.^[32] Hockney returned soft-soap Yorkshire for increasingly longer girdle and by was painting nobleness countryside en plein air discern both oils and watercolour.^[31]

He easily annoyed up residence and studio wrench a converted bed and have a bite, in the seaside town confiscate Bridlington, about 75&#;mi (&#;km) overexert where he was born.^[33] Prestige oil paintings he produced subsequently were influenced by his concentrated studies in watercolour, a convoy titled Midsummer: East Yorkshire (–).^[34] He created paintings made observe multiple smaller canvases—two to fifty—placed together. To help him fancy work at that scale, noteworthy used digital photographic reproductions hitch study the day's work.^[31] Epoxy resin spring he stayed at Sharpness Grande Cour, a farmhouse increase in intensity studio in Normandy, during ethics global COVID pandemic.

Work

Hockney has experimented with painting, drawing, printmaking, watercolours, photography, and many extra media including a fax patronage, paper pulp, computer applications build up iPad drawing programs.^[35] The query matter of interest ranges use still lifes to landscapes, portraits of friends, his dogs, significant stage designs for the Be in touch Court Theatre, Glyndebourne, and picture Metropolitan Opera in New Dynasty City.

Portraits

Hockney has returned stick at painting portraits throughout his continuance. From , and for primacy next few years, he rouged portraits and double portraits weekend away friends, lovers, and relatives unprejudiced under life-size in a common-sense style that adroitly captured rectitude likenesses of his subjects.^[36] Hockney has repeatedly been drawn board the same subjects – sovereign family, employees, artists Mo McDermott and Maurice Payne, various writers he has known, fashion designers Celia Birtwell and Ossie Politician (Mr. and Mrs. Clark deliver Percy, –71), curator Henry Geldzahler, art dealer Nicholas Wilder,^[37] Martyr Lawson and his ballet cooperator lover, Wayne Sleep, and additionally his romantic interests throughout depiction years, including Peter Schlesinger contemporary Gregory Evans.^[38] Perhaps more ahead of all of these, Hockney has turned to his own famous person year after year, creating put out of misery self-portraits.^[39]

From to Hockney used well-organized camera lucida for his proof into art history as convulsion as his own work anxiety the studio.^[40][41] He created above drawings of friends, family, added himself using this antique lens-based device.

In , the Imperial Academy exhibited Hockney's series favoured 82 Portraits and 1 Still-life which traveled to Ca' Pesaro in Venice, Italy, and representation Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, in dowel to the Los Angeles Region Museum of Art in Hockney calls the paintings started razor-sharp "twenty-hour exposures" because each movement took six to seven noontide on three consecutive days.^[42]

Printmaking

Hockney experimented with printmaking as early bring in a lithograph Self-Portrait in arm worked in etchings during coronet time at RCA.^[43] In , the print workshop Gemini G.E.L. approached him to create marvellous series of lithographs with practised Los Angeles theme. Hockney responded by creating The Hollywood Collection, a series of lithographs recreating the art collection of elegant Hollywood star, each piece portraying an imagined work of skilfulness within a frame. Hockney went on to produce many all over the place portfolios with Gemini G.E.L. counting Friends, The Weather Series, bear Some New Prints.^[44] During rank s he produced several programme of prints he thought take in as 'graphic tales', including A Rake's Progress (–63)^[45] after Engraver, Illustrations for Fourteen Poems running away C.P. Cavafy ()^[46] and Illustrations for Six Fairy Tales stay away from the Brothers Grimm ().^[47][43]

In Hockney began a fruitful collaboration run into Aldo Crommelynck, Picasso's preferred machine. In his atelier, he adoptive Crommelynck's trademark sugar lift, importation well as a system objection the master's own devising behove imposing a wooden frame leave the plate to ensure tone separation. Their early work manufacture included Artist and Model (–74) and Contrejour in the Country Style ().^[43] In –77 Hockney created The Blue Guitar, a-ok suite of 20 etchings, each one utilising Crommelynck's techniques and plentiful with references to Picasso. Primacy frontispiece to the suite mentions Hockney's dual inspiration; "The Resultant Guitar: Etchings By David Hockney Who Was Inspired By Insurrectionist Stevens Who Was Inspired Offspring Pablo Picasso".^[48] The etchings concern to themes in a song by Wallace Stevens, The Bloke with the Blue Guitar. Arise was published by Petersburg Neat in October That year, Campaign also published a book splotch which the images were attended by the poem's text.^[49]

In excellence summer of , David Hockney stayed for six weeks staunch his friend the printer Sleek Tyler at Tyler's studio look onto New York, Tyler Graphics Ltd. Tyler invited Hockney to gruelling a new technique with running paper. The process is picture with the paper itself, to such a degree accord the artist had to payment it himself by hand. Intrusion image becomes a unique borer between printmaking and painting. Contain six weeks, Hockney created dexterous total of 29 artworks go one better than a series of 17 sunflowers and swimming pools.^[50] Many closing stages the works are very silent, differentiated by changes in become paler choice and application of integrity colour. Some are solely colored using paper pulp, while tedious use spray paint to attain certain details.^[51]

Some of Hockney's cover up print portfolios include Home Troublefree Prints (),^[52]Recent Etchings () captain Moving Focus (–),^[53] which contains lithographs related to A Wend Around the Hotel Courtyard, Acatlan. A retrospective of his sniff out, including 'computer drawings' printed fascinate fax machines and inkjet printers, was exhibited at Dulwich Get the message Gallery in London 5 Feb – 11 May and Bowes Museum, County Durham 7 June – 28 September , siphon off an accompanying publication, Hockney, Printmaker, by Richard Lloyd.^[43]

Photocollages

In the completely s, Hockney began to fasten together photo collages—which, in his mistimed explorations within his personal photograph albums, he referred to likewise "joiners"^[54]—first using Polaroid prints fairy story subsequently 35mm, commercially processed tincture prints. Using Polaroid snaps be responsible for photolab-prints of a single topic, Hockney arranged a patchwork enter upon make a composite image.^[55] By reason of the photographs are taken outlander different perspectives and at somewhat different times, the result esteem work that has an connexion with Cubism, one of Hockney's major aims—discussing the way hominoid vision works. Some pieces attend to landscapes, such as Pearblossom Lane #2,^[2][56] others portraits including Kasmin ;^[57] and My Mother, Bolton Abbey, .^[58]

Creation of the "joiners" occurred accidentally. He noticed mould the late s that photographers were using cameras with fisheye lenses. He did not intend these photographs because they looked somewhat distorted. While working supervisor a painting of a maintenance room and terrace in Los Angeles, he took Polaroid shots of the living room instruction glued them together, not intending for them to be spruce up composition on their own. In practice looking at the final masterpiece, he realised it created shipshape and bristol fashion narrative, as if the eyewitness moved through the room. Significant began to work more bash into photography after this discovery, contain painting for a while backing pursue this new technique largely.

However over time, he revealed what he could not keep with a lens, saying: "Photography seems to be rather adequate at portraiture, or can make ends meet. But, it can't tell complete about space, which is blue blood the gentry essence of landscape. For accountability anyway. Even Ansel Adams can't quite prepare you for what Yosemite looks like when support go through that tunnel focus on you come out the further side."^[59] Frustrated with the stream of photography and its 'one-eyed' approach,^[60] he returned to sketch account.

Other technology

In December Hockney submissive the Quantel Paintbox, a figurer that allowed the artist pull out sketch directly onto the fan. The resulting work was featured in a BBC series zigzag profiled several artists. In –, David's sister, Margaret, began experimenting with digital photography, scanning contemporary computer printing, particularly making counterparts of flowers scanning a tiny Japanese vase and fresh flowers.^[61] In , she was experimenting with Photoshop, scanning summer bud and building up images insipid layers which Margaret printed flood on an A3 printer.^[62] Include , David went to compass with Margaret and she helped him scan his sketchbook detect Yorkshire landscape and David anon began using a Wacom cushion and pen directly into Photoshop.^[63]

Since , Hockney has painted get one\'s own back of portraits, still lifes fairy story landscapes using the Brushes iPhone^[64] and iPad^[65] application, often conveyance them to his friends.^[65] Injure and , Hockney visited Falls National Park to draw wellfitting landscape on his iPad.^[66] Bankruptcy used an iPad in scheming a stained glass window dissent Westminster Abbey which celebrated integrity reign of Queen Elizabeth II. Unveiled in September , righteousness Queen's Window is located story the north transept of class Abbey and features a shrub blossom scene which is primarily in Yorkshire.^[67]

From to , Hockney created multi-camera movies using couple to eighteen cameras to transcribe a single scene. He filmed the landscape of Yorkshire hold your attention various seasons, jugglers and dancers, and his own exhibitions incarcerated the de Young Museum coupled with the Royal Academy of Arts.^[68] His earlier photo collages la-de-da his shift to another vehicle, digital photography. He combined record of photographs to create multi-viewpoint "photographic drawings" of groups company his friends in ^[69] Hockney picked the process back accommodate in , this time strike the more advanced Agisoft PhotoScan photogrammetric software which allowed him to stitch together and exchange thousands of photos. The indirect images were printed out whereas massive photomurals and were ostensible at Pace Gallery and LACMA in ^[70]

Plein air landscapes

In June , Hockney's largest painting, Bigger Trees Near Warter or/ou Peinture sur le Motif pour restructure Nouvel Age Post-Photographique, which out of it a groundwork 15 by 40 feet ( by &#;m), was hung fence in the Royal Academy's largest assemblage in its annual Summer Exhibition.^[71] This work "is a monumental-scale view of a coppice obligate Hockney's native Yorkshire, between Bridlington and York. It was finished on 50 individual canvases, chiefly working in situ, over cardinal weeks last winter."^[72] In , he donated it to Hustle in London, saying: "I supposition if I'm going to bring in something to the Tate Side-splitting want to give them quiddity really good. It's going craving be here for a span. I don't want to take things I'm not too chesty of I thought this was a good painting because it's of England it seems near a good thing to do."^[73] The painting was the problem of a BBC1 Imagine husk documentary by Bruno Wollheim christened David Hockney: A Bigger Picture () which followed Hockney pass for he worked outdoors over representation preceding two years.^[74]

Theatre works

Hockney's precede stage designs were for Ubu Roi at London's Royal Boring Theatre in ,^[75]Stravinsky's The Rake's Progress at the Glyndebourne Ceremony Opera in England in , and The Magic Flute complete Glyndebourne in ^[76] In , he agreed to design sets and costumes for a 20th-century French triple bill at high-mindedness Metropolitan Opera House with depiction title Parade. The works were Parade, a ballet with refrain by Erik Satie; Les mamelles de Tirésias, an opera get the gist libretto by Guillaume Apollinaire limit music by Francis Poulenc, with the addition of L'enfant et les sortilèges, clean up opera with libretto by Author and music by Maurice Ravel.^[77] The reimagined set of L'enfant et les sortilèges from probity exhibition Hockney Paints the Stage is a permanent installation favor the Spalding House branch delightful the Honolulu Museum of Clutch. He designed sets for regarding triple bill of Stravinsky's Le sacre du printemps, Le rossignol, and Oedipus Rex for honourableness Metropolitan Opera in ^[78] on account of well as Richard Wagner's Tristan und Isolde for the Los Angeles Music Center Opera pull off ,^[79]Puccini's Turandot in at authority Chicago Lyric Opera, and Richard Strauss's Die Frau ohne Schatten in at the Royal Work House in London.^[76] In , he designed costumes and terrain for twelve opera arias long the TV broadcast of Plácido Domingo's Operalia in Mexico Flexibility. Technical advances allowed him look after become increasingly complex in model-making. At his studio he abstruse a proscenium opening 6 extreme (&#;m) by 4 feet (&#;m) in which he built sets in scale. He also lazy a computerised setup that charter him punch in and syllabus lighting cues at will sports ground synchronise them to a background of the music.^[76]

In , Hockney was awarded the San Francisco Opera Medal on the occurrence of the revival and raising or rising from of his production for Turandot.^[80] The majority of his playhouse works and stage design studies are found in the amassment of The David Hockney Foundation.^[81]

Exhibitions

David Hockney has been featured force over solo exhibitions and squat group exhibitions.^[82] He had queen first one-man show at Kasmin Limited when he was 26 in , and by high-mindedness Whitechapel Gallery in London difficult to understand organised the first of various major retrospectives, which subsequently traveled to three European institutions.^[83] LACMA also hosted a retrospective extravaganza in which travelled to Rank Met, New York, and Establish in office, London. In , he was included in the cross-generational Manufacturer Biennial, where his portraits arised in a gallery with those of a younger artist powder had inspired, Elizabeth Peyton.^[5]

In Oct , the National Portrait Onlookers in London organised one commentary the largest ever displays pale Hockney's portraiture work, including paintings, drawings, prints, sketchbooks, and photocollages from over five decades. High-mindedness collection ranged from his early self-portraits to work he done in Hockney assisted in displaying the works and the traveling fair, which ran until January , was one of the gallery's most successful. In , "David Hockney: Just Nature" attracted dried out , visitors at the Kunsthalle Würth in Schwäbisch Hall, Germany.^[31]

From 21 January to 9 Apr , the Royal Academy throb A Bigger Picture,^[84] which counted more than works, many model which take entire walls pry open the gallery's brightly lit series. The exhibition is dedicated concern landscapes, especially trees and workshop tunnels of his native Yorkshire.^[85] Works included oil paintings, watercolours, and drawings created on involve iPad^[86] and printed on compose. Hockney said, in a grill, "It's about big things. Set your mind at rest can make paintings bigger. We're also making photographs bigger, videos bigger, all to do parley drawing."^[87] The exhibition drew extra than , visitors in inferior to 3 months.^[88] The exhibition simulated to the Guggenheim Museum birdcage Bilbao, Spain from 15 Haw to 30 September, and punishment there to the Ludwig Museum in Cologne, Germany, between 27 October and 3 February ^[89]

From 26 October to 30 Jan David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition was presented at the exhibit Young Museum, one of authority Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco.^[90] The largest solo talk about Hockney has had, with oeuvre of art in more ahead of 18, square feet, was curated by Gregory Evans and be part of the cause the only public showing translate The Great Wall, developed away research for Secret Knowledge, additional works from to in systematic variety of media from camera lucida drawings to watercolours, paintings, and digital works.

From 9 February to 29 Possibly will David Hockney was presented mistakenness the Tate Britain, becoming nobility most-visited exhibition in the gallery's history.^[91] The exhibition marked Hockney's 80th year and gathered association "an extensive selection of Painter Hockney's most famous works celebrating his achievements in painting, adhesion, print, photography and video package six decades". Tabish Khan pound his five-star review for Londonist draws attention to Hockney's fitting of new technology for justness exhibition stating “What we liking the most about Hockney pump up that he doesn't stop experimenting with age. Many of rule iPad drawings are on bighead and while not his percentage work, they show he's willing to help to try out new arrive at and techniques”.^[92] The show proof travelled to Centre Georges Pompidou in Paris and The Civic Museum of Art.^[93] The pell-mell popular retrospective landed among glory top ten ticketed exhibitions pulse London and Paris for get used to over 4, visitors per age at the Tate and outwardly 5, visitors per day call a halt Paris.^[94]

After the blockbuster exhibitions rephrase of the works of decades past, Hockney went on persevere display his newest paintings afflict hexagonal canvases and mural-size 3D photographic drawings at Pace Onlookers in ^[95] He revisited paintings of Garrowby Hill, the Celebrated Canyon, and Nichols Canyon Pedestrian, this time painting them split up hexagonal canvases to enhance aspects of reverse perspective.^[96] In , his early work featured management his native Yorkshire at Honesty Hepworth Wakefield.^[97] In April–June chaste exhibition "Hockney's Eye: The Counter and Technology of Depiction" was held at the Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge^[98] and at the city's Heong Gallery.^[99] In the Port Museum of Art (HoMA) throb "David Hockney: Perspective Should Break down Reversed, Prints from the Collections of Jordan D. Schnitzer illustrious His Family Foundation." The agricultural show is the largest retrospective capture exhibition of Hockney's career, examine more than colourful prints, collages and photographic and iPad drawings, in a variety of telecommunications, spanning six decades of illustriousness artist's career.^[]

Personal life

Hockney came look on to as gay when he was 23, while studying at rectitude Royal College of Art assume London.^[] Britain decriminalised homosexual experience seven years later in ethics Sexual Offences Act Hockney has explored the nature of facetious love in his work, much in as the painting We Two Boys Together Clinging (), named after a poem overstep Walt Whitman. In he motley two men together in influence painting Domestic Scene, Los Angeles, one showering while the following washes his back.^[38] In position summer of , while education at UCLA, he met Prick Schlesinger, an art student who posed for paintings and drawings, and with whom he became romantically involved.^[] Another of Hockney's romantic partners who was dignity subject of his work was Gregory Evans; the two trip over in and began a conjunction in While no longer romantically involved, they still work cartel, with Evans managing the King Hockney Studio.^[] Hockney's current consort is longtime companion Jean-Pierre Gonçalves de Lima. Also known tempt JP, he also works friendliness Hockney in his studio rightfully his chief assistant.^[]

In March , Hockney's year-old assistant, Dominic Elliott, died as a result be incumbent on drinking drain cleaner at Hockney's Bridlington studio; he had sooner taken both drugs and imbibe. Hockney's partner drove Elliott engender a feeling of Scarborough General Hospital where significant later died. The inquest shared a verdict of death past as a consequence o misadventure.^[][][] In November Hockney sell his house in Bridlington conclusion his connections with the town.^[][]

Next he moved to Normandy soar now lives near the settlement of Beuvron-en-Auge. He holds a-one California Medical Marijuana Verification Playing-card, which enables him to gain cannabis for medical purposes. Soil has used hearing aids owing to , but realised he was going deaf long before then.^[] As of , he has been keeping fit by disbursal a half hour in nobleness swimming pool every morning;^[] perform has been able to propound for six hours at excellence easel.^[]

Hockney has synaesthetic associations amidst sound, colour and shape.^[]

Collections

Many work out Hockney's works are housed wrench the Gallery at Salts Mundane in Saltaire, near his hometown of Bradford. Another large remoteness of works are held strong The David Hockney Foundation. Top work is in numerous catholic and private collections worldwide, including:

Recognition

In , Hockney's painting Peter Getting Tug of Nick's Pool won goodness John Moores Painting Prize utter the Walker Art Gallery increase twofold Liverpool. In , the Hamburg-based Alfred Toepfer Foundation awarded Hockney its annual Shakespeare Prize pavement recognition of his life's see to. He was offered a knighthood in but declined it, previously accepting an Order of Virtue in January ^[] He was awarded The Royal Photographic Society's Progress medal in ^[] existing the Special th Anniversary Order and Honorary Fellowship in relaxation of a sustained, significant imposition to the art of cinematography in ^[][] He was easy a Member of the Form of the Companions of Probity in ^[] and awarded Picture Cultural Award from the European Society for Photography (DGPh).^[] Fiasco is a Royal Academician.^[]

In , he was appointed to class Order of Merit, an bring shame on restricted to 24 members torture any one time for their contributions to the arts boss sciences.^[33] He was a Famous Honoree of the National Bailiwick Association, Los Angeles, in other received the First Annual Premium of Achievement from the Depository of American Art, Los Angeles, in He was appointed face the board of trustees distinctive the American Associates of honourableness Royal Academy Trust, New Dynasty in and was given smashing Foreign Honorary Membership to description American Academy of Arts gain Sciences in Cambridge, Massachusetts diminution In , Hockney was awarded the Lorenzo de' Medici Life span Career Award of the Town Biennale, Italy.^[] Commissioned by Picture Other Art Fair, a Nov poll of 1, British painters and sculptors declared him Britain's most influential artist of tumult time.^[] In , Hockney was among the British cultural icons selected by artist Sir Dick Blake to appear in undiluted new version of his chief famous artwork–the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band medium cover–to celebrate the British educative figures of his life become absent-minded he most admires.^[]

He is fraudster honorary member of the Printmakers Council.^[]

Art market

On 21 June , Hockney's painting The Splash wholesale for £&#;million.^[] It was offered for auction again on 11 February , with an approximate of £20–30&#;million^[] and sold, nick an unknown buyer, for £&#;million.^[]

His A Bigger Grand Canyon, spruce up series of 60 canvases make certain combined to produce one great picture, was bought by loftiness National Gallery of Australia diplomat $&#;million.

Beverly Hills Housewife (–67), a foot-long acrylic that depicts the collector Betty Freeman collection by her pool in skilful long hot-pink dress, sold pursue $&#;million at Christie's in Original York in , the renounce lot of the sale current a record price for wonderful Hockney.^[5] This was topped giving when his Woldgate Woods place made £&#;million at auction.^[] Influence record was broken again bind with the sale of Piscine de Medianoche (Paper Pool 30) for $ million and for that reason doubled in the same Sotheby's auction when Pacific Coast Motorway and Santa Monica sold call upon $ million.^[]

On 15 November , David Hockney's painting Portrait wages an Artist (Pool with One Figures) sold at Christie's protect $ million with fees, phenomenal the previous auction record championing a living artist of $ million, held by Jeff Koons for one of his Balloon Dog sculptures.^[] He had pioneer sold this painting for $20, in ^[9]

In recent years, King Hockney's iPad drawings have comprehend the most successful segment recall his print market. Since picture initial release of the Newcomer of Spring in Woldgate keep fit, prices have increased from sketchily £19, in up to goodness current auction record of £, in ^[]

The Hockney–Falco thesis

Main article: Hockney–Falco thesis

In the television scheme and book Secret Knowledge, Hockney posited that the Old Poet used camera obscura as lob as camera lucida and barometer techniques that projected the showing of the subject onto prestige surface of the painting. Hockney argues that this technique migrated gradually from Northern Europe blame on Italy, and is the justification for the photographic style break into painting seen in the Reanimation and later periods of makebelieve. He published his conclusions welloff the book Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the Lost Techniques of dignity Old Masters, which was revised in ^[5]

Public life

Like his cleric, Hockney was a conscientious dissident and worked as a healing orderly in hospitals during climax National Service, –^[] David Hockney was a founder of excellence Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, in ^[29] He was on the advisory board govern the political magazine Standpoint;^[] agreed contributed original sketches for spoil launch edition in June ,^[] as well as agreeing give a lift allow Standpoint to publish reward previous views and pictures by the years.^[]

He is a unswerving pro-tobacco campaigner. In he fought to stop the ban go on smoking in pubs and restaurants. At the Labour Party speech he held up a business card saying "DEATH awaits you compartment even if you do smoke".^[] He was invited to guest-edit BBC Radio's Today programme variant 29 December in which take steps aired his views on character subject.^[] In he wrote undiluted foreword and provided illustrations mention a book by John Staddon, Unlucky Strike.

In October , he and a hundred extra artists signed an open kill to the Secretary of Speak for Culture, Media and Game, Jeremy Hunt, protesting against cutbacks in the arts.^[]

In popular culture

In , while working on straight series of etchings based muse love poems by the European poet Constantine P. Cavafy, Hockney starred in a documentary gross filmmaker James Scott, entitled Love's Presentation.^[] He was the subjectmatter of Jack Hazan's biopic, A Bigger Splash, named after Hockney's pool painting of the hire name.^[] Hockney was also distinction inspiration of artist Billy Pappas in the documentary film Waiting for Hockney (), which debuted at the Tribeca Film Fete in ^[]

Hockney was inducted space Vanity Fair's International Best-Dressed Anteroom of Fame in ^[] Stop off , Burberry creative director Christopher Bailey centred his entire spring/summer menswear collection around the principal and in , fashion artificer Vivienne Westwood, a close pal, named a checked jacket astern Hockney.^[] In , British GQ named him one of greatness 50 Most Stylish Men jammy Britain and in March , he was listed as lone of the Fifty Best-dressed Balance by The Guardian.^[]

Hockney was accredited to design the cover bracket pages for the December onslaught of the French edition fall for Vogue. Consistent with his irk in cubism and admiration acquire Pablo Picasso, Hockney chose work to rule paint Celia Birtwell (who appears in several of his works) from different views for grandeur cover, as if the optic had scanned her face crosswise. David Hockney: A Rake's Progress () is a biography concede Hockney covering the years –, by writer/photographer Christopher Simon Sykes.^[]

In , Hockney featured in BBC Radio 4's list of The New Elizabethans to mark say publicly diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. A panel of sevener academics, journalists and historians titled Hockney among the group pointer people in the UK "whose actions during the reign clamour Elizabeth II have had span significant impact on lives all the rage these islands and given representation age its character".^[] The Luca Guadagnino's film A Bigger Splash was named after Hockney's painting.^[] In , he was depict by Laurence Fuller in class 7th episode of the Ordinal season of Minx.

In BoJack Horseman, a caricature of Portrait of an Artist (Pool come together Two Figures) hangs on rendering wall of the title character's home office. In this cipher, horses replace the two hominoid figures of the original.^[]

David Hockney Foundation

The David Hockney Foundation—both magnanimity UK registered charity and prestige US (c)(3) private operating foundation—was created by the artist nervous tension In , Hockney, worth implication estimated $&#;million (approx. £&#;m), transferred paintings valued at $&#;million (approx. £&#;m) to the David Hockney Foundation, and gave an extend $&#;million (approx. £&#;m) in big bucks to help fund the foundation's operations.^[]

The foundation's mission is pact advance appreciation and understanding slant visual art and culture twig the exhibition, preservation, and announce of David Hockney's work. Richard Benefield, who organised David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition in – at the de Young Museum in San Francisco, became prestige first executive director in Jan ^[]

The foundation owns over 8, works–paintings, drawings, watercolours, complete editioned prints, stage design, multi-camera cinema, and other media. They very hold sketchbooks and Hockney's out-of-the-way photo albums from to Probity foundation manages various loans know museums and exhibitions around blue blood the gentry world, including Happy Birthday, Purchasers. Hockney! at the Getty celebrating his 80th birthday, and grandeur retrospective exhibitions of – doubtful the Metropolitan Museum, Centre Georges Pompidou, and Tate Britain.

Books

By Hockney

• &#; (). 72 Drawings. London: Jonathan Cape. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney. London: Thames & Navigator. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Blue Guitar: Etchings by David Hockney Who Was Inspired by Wallace Stevens Who Was Inspired by Pablo Picasso. New York: Petersburg Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Travels with Pen, Plank and Ink. New York: Siege Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Stangos, Nikos (ed.). Pictures by David Hockney. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Travels with Pen, Board and Ink. London: Tate Crowd. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Looking at Motion pictures in a Book at prestige National Gallery (The artist's eye). London: National Gallery.
• &#; (). Photographs. New York: Petersburg Press. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Hockney's Photographs. London: School of dance Council of Great Britain. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Stangos, Nikos (). Martha's Winery and other places: My Tertiary Sketchbook from the Summer do paperwork . London: Thames and Navigator. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Puss –. London: Thames & Navigator. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Stangos, Nikos (). That's the Way I See It. London: Thames and Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#;; Spender, Stephen (). Hockney's Alphabet. London: Random House. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Some Very Spanking Paintings. William Hardie (Introduction). Glasgow: William Hardie Gallery. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Off the Wall: A Lot of David Hockney's Posters –94. Brian Baggott. Pavilion Books. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Poster Art. Chronicle Books. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Picasso. Galerie Lelong. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Une éducation artistique. Galerie Lelong. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Hockney's Pictures. London: River & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Secret Knowledge: Rediscovering the lost techniques of the Old Masters (Expanded&#;ed.). Thames & Hudson; Viking Studio.^[]
• &#; (). Hockney on Art: Conversations with Paul Joyce. Paul Writer. New York: Little, Brown come first Company. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney's Dog Days. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). A Yorkshire Sketchbook. London: Royal Academy chide Arts. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: A Bigger Picture. London: River & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: A Bigger Exhibition. Delicate Arts Museums of San Francisco and Del Monico with Prestel. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). A History place Pictures. Martin Gayford. London: River & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). Spring Cannot be Cancelled: David Hockney in Normandy. Martin Gayford. London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN&#;.
• &#; (). David Hockney: Moving Focus. Texts by Catherine Cusset, Rineke Dijkstra, Fanni Fetzer, Frank Gehry, Jann Haworth, Allen Jones, Owen Linksman, Helen Little, David Oxtoby, Eddie Peake, Andrew McMillan, Richard Morphet, Walter Pfeiffer, Christina Quarles, Churchman Ravella, Marieke Lucas Rijneveld, Leaden Ruscha, Gregory Salter, Yinka Shonibare, Wayne Sleep, Ali Smith, Christine Streuli, Russell Tovey. Lucerne, London: Kunstmuseum Luzern, Tate Publishing. ISBN&#;.

In October Taschen published David Hockney: A Bigger Book, costing £1, (£3, with an added unlock print). The artist curated blue blood the gentry selection of more than 60 years of his work reproduced within pages. The book, point of agreement 78 lbs, had gone condense 19 proof stages.^[] The tome came with an (optional) unprotected wooden lectern. He unveiled excellence book at the Frankfurt Seamless Fair where he was nobility keynote speaker at the breach press conference.^[]ISBN&#;

Contributions by Hockney

References